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Excerpt from "The gulag archipelago", by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. -Part 3
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social theory. Arrests are classified according to various criteria: nighttime and
daytime; at home, at work, during a journey; first-time arrests and repeats;
individual and group arrests. Arrests are distinguished by the degree of surprise
required, the amount of resistance expected (even though in tens of millions of
cases no resistance was expected and in fact there was none). Arrests are also
differentiated by the thoroughness of the required search; by instructions either
to make out or not to make out an inventory of confiscated property or seal a
room or apartment; to arrest the wife after the husband and send the children to
an orphanage, or to send the rest of the family into exile, or to send the old folks
to a labor camp too.
No, no: arrests vary widely in form. In 1926 Irma Mendel, a Hungarian,
obtained through the Comintern two front-row tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre.
Interrogator Klegel was courting her at the time and she invited him to go with
her. They sat through the show very affectionately, and when it was over he took
her—straight to the Lubyanka. And if on a flowering June day in 1927 on
Kuznetsky Most, the plump-cheeked, redheaded beauty Anna Skripnikova, who
had just bought some navy-blue material for a dress, climbed into a hansom cab
with a young man-about-town, you can be sure it wasn’t a lovers’ tryst at all, as
the cabman understood very well and showed by his frown (he knew the Organs
don’t pay). It was an arrest. In just a moment they would turn on the Lubyanka
and enter the black maw of the gates. No, one certainly cannot say that daylight
arrest, arrest during a journey, or arrest in the middle of a crowd has ever been
neglected in our country. However, it has always been clean-cut—and, most
surprising of all, the victims, in cooperation with the Security men, have
conducted themselves in the noblest conceivable manner, so as to spare the
living from witnessing the death of the condemned.
Not everyone can be arrested at home, with a preliminary knock at the door
(and if there is a knock, then it has to be the house manager or else the postman).
And not everyone can be arrested at work either. If the person to be arrested is
vicious, then it’s better to seize him outside his ordinary milieu—away from his
family and colleagues, from those who share his views, from any hiding places.
It is essential that he have no chance to destroy, hide, or pass on anything to
anyone. VIP’s in the military or the Party were sometimes first given new
assignments, ensconced in a private railway car, and then arrested en route.
Some obscure, ordinary mortal, scared to death by epidemic arrests all around
him and already depressed for a week by sinister glances from his chief, is
suddenly summoned to the local Party committee, where he is beamingly
presented with a vacation ticket to a Sochi sanatorium. The rabbit is
overwhelmed and immediately concludes that his fears were groundless. After
expressing his gratitude, he hurries home, triumphant, to pack his suitcase. It is
only two hours till train time, and he scolds his wife for being too slow. He
arrives at the station with time to spare. And there in the waiting room or at the
bar he is hailed by an extraordinarily pleasant young man: “Don’t you remember
me, Pyotr Ivanich?” Pyotr Ivanich has difficulty remembering: “Well, not
exactly, you see, although...” The young man, however, is overflowing with
friendly concern: “Come now, how can that be? I’ll have to remind you....” And
he bows respectfully to Pyotr Ivanich’s wife: “You must forgive us. I’ll keep him
only one minute.” The wife accedes, and trustingly the husband lets himself be
led away by the arm—forever or for ten years!
The station is thronged—and no one notices anything.... Oh, you citizens who
love to travel! Do not forget that in every station there are a GPU Branch and
several prison cells.
This importunity of alleged acquaintances is so abrupt that only a person who
has not had the wolfish preparation of camp life is likely to pull back from it. Do
not suppose, for example, that if you are an employee of the American Embassy
by the name of Alexander Dolgun you cannot be arrested in broad daylight on
Gorky Street, right by the Central Telegraph Office. Your unfamiliar friend
dashes through the press of the crowd, and opens his plundering arms to embrace
you: “Saaasha!” He simply shouts at you, with no effort to be inconspicuous.
“Hey, pal! Long time no see! Come on over, let’s get out of the way.” At that
moment a Pobeda sedan draws up to the curb.... And several days later TASS
will issue an angry statement to all the papers alleging that informed circles of
the Soviet government have no information on the disappearance of Alexander
Dolgun. But what’s so unusual about that? Our boys have carried out such
arrests in Brussels—which was where Zhora Blednov was seized—not just in
Moscow.
daytime; at home, at work, during a journey; first-time arrests and repeats;
individual and group arrests. Arrests are distinguished by the degree of surprise
required, the amount of resistance expected (even though in tens of millions of
cases no resistance was expected and in fact there was none). Arrests are also
differentiated by the thoroughness of the required search; by instructions either
to make out or not to make out an inventory of confiscated property or seal a
room or apartment; to arrest the wife after the husband and send the children to
an orphanage, or to send the rest of the family into exile, or to send the old folks
to a labor camp too.
No, no: arrests vary widely in form. In 1926 Irma Mendel, a Hungarian,
obtained through the Comintern two front-row tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre.
Interrogator Klegel was courting her at the time and she invited him to go with
her. They sat through the show very affectionately, and when it was over he took
her—straight to the Lubyanka. And if on a flowering June day in 1927 on
Kuznetsky Most, the plump-cheeked, redheaded beauty Anna Skripnikova, who
had just bought some navy-blue material for a dress, climbed into a hansom cab
with a young man-about-town, you can be sure it wasn’t a lovers’ tryst at all, as
the cabman understood very well and showed by his frown (he knew the Organs
don’t pay). It was an arrest. In just a moment they would turn on the Lubyanka
and enter the black maw of the gates. No, one certainly cannot say that daylight
arrest, arrest during a journey, or arrest in the middle of a crowd has ever been
neglected in our country. However, it has always been clean-cut—and, most
surprising of all, the victims, in cooperation with the Security men, have
conducted themselves in the noblest conceivable manner, so as to spare the
living from witnessing the death of the condemned.
Not everyone can be arrested at home, with a preliminary knock at the door
(and if there is a knock, then it has to be the house manager or else the postman).
And not everyone can be arrested at work either. If the person to be arrested is
vicious, then it’s better to seize him outside his ordinary milieu—away from his
family and colleagues, from those who share his views, from any hiding places.
It is essential that he have no chance to destroy, hide, or pass on anything to
anyone. VIP’s in the military or the Party were sometimes first given new
assignments, ensconced in a private railway car, and then arrested en route.
Some obscure, ordinary mortal, scared to death by epidemic arrests all around
him and already depressed for a week by sinister glances from his chief, is
suddenly summoned to the local Party committee, where he is beamingly
presented with a vacation ticket to a Sochi sanatorium. The rabbit is
overwhelmed and immediately concludes that his fears were groundless. After
expressing his gratitude, he hurries home, triumphant, to pack his suitcase. It is
only two hours till train time, and he scolds his wife for being too slow. He
arrives at the station with time to spare. And there in the waiting room or at the
bar he is hailed by an extraordinarily pleasant young man: “Don’t you remember
me, Pyotr Ivanich?” Pyotr Ivanich has difficulty remembering: “Well, not
exactly, you see, although...” The young man, however, is overflowing with
friendly concern: “Come now, how can that be? I’ll have to remind you....” And
he bows respectfully to Pyotr Ivanich’s wife: “You must forgive us. I’ll keep him
only one minute.” The wife accedes, and trustingly the husband lets himself be
led away by the arm—forever or for ten years!
The station is thronged—and no one notices anything.... Oh, you citizens who
love to travel! Do not forget that in every station there are a GPU Branch and
several prison cells.
This importunity of alleged acquaintances is so abrupt that only a person who
has not had the wolfish preparation of camp life is likely to pull back from it. Do
not suppose, for example, that if you are an employee of the American Embassy
by the name of Alexander Dolgun you cannot be arrested in broad daylight on
Gorky Street, right by the Central Telegraph Office. Your unfamiliar friend
dashes through the press of the crowd, and opens his plundering arms to embrace
you: “Saaasha!” He simply shouts at you, with no effort to be inconspicuous.
“Hey, pal! Long time no see! Come on over, let’s get out of the way.” At that
moment a Pobeda sedan draws up to the curb.... And several days later TASS
will issue an angry statement to all the papers alleging that informed circles of
the Soviet government have no information on the disappearance of Alexander
Dolgun. But what’s so unusual about that? Our boys have carried out such
arrests in Brussels—which was where Zhora Blednov was seized—not just in
Moscow.
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