The National Flag of India, commonly known as the Tiranga (meaning “tricolour”), is a symbol of the nation’s unity, pride, and sovereignty. It was adopted in its present form on 22 July 1947, shortly before India gained independence, and was first hoisted officially on 15 August 1947. Designed by Pingali Venkayya, the flag reflects the aspirations, values, and cultural heritage of the country. The flag consists of three horizontal stripes of equal proportion. The top band is saffron, representing courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation. The middle band is white, symbolising truth, peace, and purity. The bottom band is green, denoting faith, fertility, prosperity, and the richness of the land. These three colours together embody India’s deep commitment to integrity, growth, and harmony among diverse communities. At the centre of the white band lies the Ashoka Chakra, a navy-blue wheel with 24 equally spaced spokes. This symbol is derived from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, an emblem of law and dharma (righteousness). The wheel represents eternal motion, signifying progress and the dynamism of life. Its 24 spokes are often interpreted as the virtues of righteousness, justice, and continuous effort in upholding moral values. The dimensions of the flag are based on a 2:3 ratio (height to length), as prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. To honour the flag, the Government of India enacted the Flag Code of India, which governs its correct usage, display, and handling. Earlier, only government institutions had the right to hoist the national flag, but after a Supreme Court judgement in 2002, all citizens were granted the right to display it with dignity, provided they follow the code. On 26 January 2022, further changes allowed the use of polyester and machine-made flags, ensuring widespread availability while respecting the sanctity of the symbol. The meaning of the Tiranga goes beyond its physical form. The saffron reminds citizens of the need for bravery and selflessness in public life. The white insists on maintaining peace and integrity in all dealings. The green underscores India’s agricultural backbone and its vision for sustainable development. The Ashoka Chakra urges every Indian to move forward, innovate, and stay true to ethical conduct. Together, the elements inspire patriotism and a sense of shared destiny among over a billion people. The national flag is prominently displayed on Independence Day (15 August), Republic Day (26 January), and other national events, serving as a rallying point for collective identity. It is draped over state buildings, educational institutions, and homes, reflecting pride and respect. In times of mourning, the flag is flown at half-mast, honouring national leaders and martyrs. In essence, the Indian National Flag is more than fabric and colours—it is a living reminder of the sacrifices of countless freedom fighters and the democratic ideals enshrined in the Constitution. It binds a diverse nation under a common identity, urging every citizen to work for peace, progress, and unity.