The reading passage explains the benefits of public transportation, such as reducing traffic congestion, lowering pollution, and decreasing costs for commuters. It also states that public transit systems can reduce dependence on private vehicles, which helps save fuel and cut road maintenance expenses. Overall, the passage emphasizes that public transportation improves sustainability and quality of life. The listening passage supports this idea by explaining important factors that make public transportation effective. First, the professor agrees that public transit can reduce traffic and pollution, but he emphasizes that reliability is crucial. If buses and trains are frequently late, people will still prefer private cars, which means traffic problems will continue. Second, he highlights the importance of accessibility. Public transportation must accommodate people with disabilities so that everyone can use it comfortably. If stations and vehicles are not designed properly, some people may be unable to use them. Lastly, the professor states that public transportation should not completely replace private cars. In some areas, especially suburbs, public transit may not be convenient, so cities need to offer a mix of both options. In conclusion, the listening passage supports the reading by discussing the necessary conditions for public transportation to be successful. The professor agrees that public transit is beneficial, but he explains that reliability, accessibility, and a balance with private transportation are essential for it to work effectively. These additional points strengthen the argument that a well-planned public transportation system improves urban life.