The reading passage argues that online learning is a highly beneficial alternative to traditional in-person education due to its accessibility, affordability, and ability to develop essential digital skills. However, the professor in the lecture strongly challenges this perspective, claiming that online learning has several limitations that make it less effective than traditional education. First, while the reading asserts that online learning increases accessibility for students from different backgrounds, the professor disputes this idea by pointing out that access to online education is not universal. He explains that students from low-income families or remote areas may lack the necessary technology, such as reliable internet connections or modern computers, making it difficult to participate in online courses. Furthermore, he states that students who struggle with self-discipline often find it hard to stay motivated without the structured environment of a traditional classroom, ultimately leading to higher dropout rates in online programs. Second, although the passage claims that online education is a more cost-effective option than traditional university programs, the lecturer argues that the financial benefits may not be as significant as they seem. He notes that while tuition for online courses can be lower, students often have to pay for expensive software, specialized materials, and additional technology to complete their coursework. Additionally, he mentions that many online programs lack financial aid options compared to traditional universities, making them less accessible to students who rely on scholarships or government funding. Finally, the reading suggests that online courses help students develop important digital skills, such as self-directed learning and online collaboration, which are crucial in today’s job market. However, the professor counters this argument by stating that these skills alone are not enough to prepare students for real-world careers. He explains that many professions require hands-on experience, teamwork, and direct interaction with mentors, which are elements that are difficult to replicate in an online environment. Moreover, he emphasizes that employers often view online degrees as less credible than traditional degrees, which can negatively impact graduates' job prospects. In conclusion, while the reading highlights several advantages of online learning, the lecture effectively challenges these claims by presenting counterarguments related to accessibility, financial costs, and career preparedness. The professor ultimately argues that despite its benefits, online education cannot fully replace traditional learning methods.