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DDC JJA 2020 Skill Test by TCS Original 40wpm required

created Jun 6th 2021, 10:49 by dinesh shokeen


5


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803 words
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The second but most powerful organ of the government is the Executive. It is that organ which implements the laws passed by the legislature and the policies of the government. In common usage, people tend to identify the executive with the government. In contemporary times, there has been a huge increase in the powers and role of the executive in every state. The term Executive has been defined both in its broad and narrow forms. Firstly, in a broad form, it includes all the government officials, political personnel and civil servants who take up the implementation of policies and laws and also the administration of the state. In the narrow form, it includes only executive heads, that is, the ministers. They are also known as political executives. These people are the heads of the government. They are also responsible for formulating policies and supervising the implementation of such policies. This does not include civil services or its administrative functions. For the political scientists ideally, only the narrow meaning of executive was accepted. But with the modern changing dynamics of state governance, Civil Services are also included as part of executive along with the Political executive. There are two types of executive, namely political executive and permanent executive. The political executive. The executive head of the state and other heads of the executive departments constitute political executives or ministers. They are mostly elected representative of the people and responsible for all their decisions and policies before the public. Political executives work for a fixed tenure of about five years. It acts as a temporary executive in the sense that it changes after every election. After completing one tenure, ministers have to again contest elections. They can again become ministers only when the party to which they belong returns to power as the majority party. The ministers are non experts and non professionals. Their function is to formulate policies and get these policies and laws approved from the Legislature. Thereafter, these policies and laws of the State are implemented by the civil servants, who work under the control of political executive. The non political permanent executive. It consists of the civil servants from the lowest to the highest levels. It carries out the day to day administration by working in the government departments. The civil servants are politically neutral. They do not owe commitment to any political party. Their job is to carry out the laws and policies of the government without any political consideration. They are specially educated and trained persons. They are experts and professionals. They give expert advice and opinion as well as collect, classify and present data to the political executive. Once appointed, the civil servants remain in office till their retirement age, which is usually up to the age of fifty five or sixty years. They get regular and fixed salaries and are organised into higher and lower relationships. Listed below are some of the major functions of the executive. Enforcement of Laws. The primary function of executive is to enforce laws and to maintain law and order in the state. Each government department is responsible for the implementation of the laws and policies concerning its work. For maintaining law and order in the state, the executive organises and maintains the police force. Appointment making functions. All major appointments are made by the chief executive. As for example, the President of India appoints the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. The members of the civil service are also appointed by the Chief executive. This is usually done on the recommendation of a service recruitment commission. In India, the Union Public Service Commission annually holds competitive examinations for All India Services, Central Services and Allied Services. It recruits the candidates on merit basis and the appointments are done by the Chief executive with the recommendations of the UPSC. Treaty making functions. It is the responsibility of the executive to decide as to which treaties are to be signed with which other countries. The executive negotiates the treaties in accordance with the procedure defined by international law and also in accordance with the provisions in the constitution of the state. Defence, war and peace functions. One of the key functions of the state is to defend and preserve the unity and integrity of the country. It is the responsibility of the executive to undertake this work. To organise military for the defence of the state, and to negotiate and sign peace settlement after every war, are some of the functions performed by the executive. Foreign policy making and the conduct of foreign relations. In this age of ever increasing global dependency, it has become one of the most important functions of a government to formulate the foreign policy of the state and to conduct foreign relations.

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