Population implies to the total number of organisms inhabiting in a particular place. Growth of human population has become a cause of concern in many parts of the world, mainly in the poor countries. On the other hand, there are places where the rate of population is very low. India is faced with the problem of growing population. Around 17% of the world’s population resides in India making it one of the most populous countries in the world. As is the case with almost every developing country, there are several reasons that contribute to the increase in population in India. One of the main reasons for the growth of population in India is illiteracy. People from the uneducated and poor class are seen bearing greater number of children. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, more children for them mean more number of hands to work and earn money for the family. Secondly, most of them are not aware about the birth control methods. Early marriage also results in greater number of children. The growth in population may also be attributed to low death rate. Treatments and cures for various illnesses have been developed and thus the death rate has gone down. The government has set the minimum marriageable age for men as 21 years and for women as 18 years. However, there is no stringent check on the same. People in the rural and backward areas of the country still marry their children at an early age. The government must increase the minimum age of marriage and also keep a stringent check on the same. The government of India has also made free education available for the children of the country by way of its Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act. Eradicating illiteracy is another way to control population. The government of India is also promoting the adoption of children. There are several people who abandon their children at birth owing to various reasons. Adopting children rather than having one’s own is also a good way to control population. Growing population is a serious concern in India. While the government has taken certain steps to control the same these are not effective enough. There are many other measures that need to be taken to curb this issue.